Radio broadcasting technologies found large application in the twentieth century early sound synthesis and processing machines. Application and hacking of technologies originally designed for different purposes would be a common paradigm in the history of electric musical instrument until their maturity in the 1970’s, when specific techniques started to be widely developed and investigated. Tonewheels were originally invented for radio communication purposes, and later adopted in electromechanical organs. It generates musical sound electromechanically in form of electric signal by additive synthesis using tonewheels, which is reproduced by primitive loudspeakers. It was a 200 tons electric organ developed by Thaddeus Cahill starting from 1897, that will inspire 30 years later the Hammond organs. The Telharmonium is the first non-acoustic instrument in the history that presents both a sound generation mechanism and musical interface. Today, with the view over more than a century of electrophones and in order to maintain the original classification consistency, ethnomusicologists such as Ellingson and Kartomi propose that only the sub-category 53 should remain in there, while the others should be placed respectively within and aerophones and chordophones. Radioelectric instruments: instruments in which sound is produced by electrical means.” Instruments having electrical amplification, such as the Neo-Bechstein piano of 1931, which had 18 microphones built into it pipe organ with electrically controlled solenoid air valves) Therefore in 1940 Sachs added the electrophones category that includes:
In the early twentieth century, with the advent and spread of electroacoustic, electric, and later electronic or digital musical instrument the Hornbostel–Sachs classification became incomplete since it included only those that today we call acoustic instruments. Musical instruments have dramatically evolved into a wide variety of forms across time and cultures (May, 1983) and although there are reliable methods of determining the exact chronology of musical instruments within the human history, it is possible to classify these accurately following the Hornbostel–Sachs classification, which is divided into four macro categories: idiophones, membranophones, chordophones and aerophones (Von Hornbostel & Sachs, 1914). Prior to that it is believed that generic tools, such as stones, or clapping of hands clap were used to rhythms as an early form of music.
The Divje Babe Flute found in Slovenia is the oldest instrument, and it hails from the Paleolithic, back to 43,000 years ago. Prehistorical flutes, made out of carved bones and about 35,000 years old, had been found in several places across central Europe and archeologists consider these the earliest artifacts made from durable materials that can be called primitive musical instruments. Instrument designer and crafter, which are usually players as well, have a key role in building and providing these tools. The instrument is the fundamental joining link to turn musical ideas of composers and performers into sound. For thousand of years music did not exist per se, but it was the result of the continuous interaction between a musical instrument and a player.
Music has been part any human culture across the globe since more than 50,000 years, it has been influenced by social and technical factors like most of the arts, and it also had a role in the evolution of the mankind (Wallin et al., 2000).
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